RTLS Technology

Indoor positioning systems rely on
a dedicated hardware infrastructure
deployed within the building

RTLS Technology explained

 

When choosing the right indoor positioning technology for your demands, a lot of different factors come into play. While some applications demand pinpoint accuracy, others require more of a basic knowledge of an object’s presence within a defined space.

You also need to keep an eye on the future – how will your needs and requirements change over time; how flexibly can your solution support those changes. With the Quuppa system, you choose an agile infrastructure that can easily expand, diversify and strengthen as your current and future needs grow.

QUUPPA and
the magic behind

 

The Quuppa Intelligent Locating System™ is a powerful engine for various Location Based Services and Applications. It provides accurate real-time positioning data using Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) technology, unique Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) signal processing method, and advanced proprietary algorithms.

Advanced antennas, the Locators, measure the direction of a radio signal transmitted by a Tag. The Quuppa Positioning Engine then computes the Tag’s position using advanced algorithms.

Bluetooth® Low Energy

The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) technology, which provides several advantages – including long Tag battery lifetime, compatibility with mobile devices, and the ability to carry sensor data alongside the positioning data.

Angle of Arrival

The unique insight behind Quuppa system is combining Bluetooth® wireless technology with Angle-of-Arrival signal processing method, which enables the superior positioning accuracy compared to solutions that are based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI).

Advanced Algorithms -
the core innovation

The Bluetooth® technology and AoA methodology are freely available for anyone. However, turning these building blocks into a reliable and scalable solution is not a trivial task.

Key features

1 - Superior accuracy 72

Typical positioning accuracy for a Quuppa system is around 0.5 m (2 ft) – or “sub-meter”.

Accuracy demands can vary from one area to another, and with Quuppa, you can control it simply by altering the number of Locators. For example, for inventory management, it’s often enough to know that the assets are present, or are in an approximate area, which requires only a few Locators – and very low investment. If a more accurate position is needed, let’s say at the loading dock, just add a few Locators to that area.

Typical positioning accuracy for a Quuppa system is around 0.5 m (2 ft) – or “sub-meter”. Accuracy demands can vary from one area to another, and with Quuppa, you can control it simply by altering the number of Locators. For example, for inventory management, it’s often enough to know that the assets are present, or are in an approximate area, which requires only a few Locators – and very low investment. If a more accurate position is needed, let’s say at the loading dock, just add a few Locators to that area.

2 - REAL TIME - 91

Real-time is a flexible concept. For a standard Quuppa system, it means location update rate of up to 50 Hz, and latency down to 100 ms. That, coupled with our superior accuracy, enables for example many Security and Safety related applications, such as Collision Avoidance between people and vehicles in industrial environments, or covering the complex movements of a hockey game in real-time.

Standard Bluetooth® channels’ transmission rate is limited to 10 Hz, as per Bluetooth® regulation. But the Quuppa system can also be configured to use proprietary channels, on which the standard Quuppa Tags can be set to transmit at up to 50 Hz.

Sometimes, for example, when tracking a hockey puck, even that is not enough. Then it’s good to know that the Quuppa system itself doesn’t have any limitations, and the tag can be configured to transmit for example 200 Hz or even higher and the latency can be 20 ms or less.

Location update rate and latency of the Quuppa system are also dependent on the software license type.

Real-time is a flexible concept. For a standard Quuppa system, it means location update rate of up to 50 Hz, and latency down to 100 ms. That, coupled with our superior accuracy, enables for example many Security and Safety related applications, such as Collision Avoidance between people and vehicles in industrial environments, or covering the complex movements of a hockey game in real-time. Standard Bluetooth® channels’ transmission rate is limited to 10 Hz, as per Bluetooth® regulation. But the Quuppa system can also be configured to use proprietary channels, on which the standard Quuppa Tags can be set to transmit at up to 50 Hz. Sometimes, for example, when tracking a hockey puck, even that is not enough. Then it’s good to know that the Quuppa system itself doesn’t have any limitations, and the tag can be configured to transmit for example 200 Hz or even higher and the latency can be 20 ms or less. Location update rate and latency of the Quuppa system are also dependent on the software license type.

3 - COMPATIBLE - 92

As the Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, it can track any Bluetooth® Low Energy device that is transmitting a Quuppa specified radio packet. For example Android and iOS devices can be made trackable by just adding a few lines of code to the Application in use.

Furthermore, Quuppa Tag ID can even be read by a Bluetooth® device without the help of Locators. For example, a doctor could read a patient’s ID Tag with a smartphone to request critical information from a cloud service.

As the Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, it can track any Bluetooth® Low Energy device that is transmitting a Quuppa specified radio packet. For example Android and iOS devices can be made trackable by just adding a few lines of code to the Application in use. Furthermore, Quuppa Tag ID can even be read by a Bluetooth® device without the help of Locators. For example, a doctor could read a patient’s ID Tag with a smartphone to request critical information from a cloud service.

4 - OPEN TAG DESIGN - 93

Quuppa allows total freedom in Tag design. You can choose between multiple ready-made tags by Quuppa or its partners, integrate the QT1 Tag Module into your device, or design your own tag using our firmware libraries and schematics. Basically, any Bluetooth® Low Energy device can be made Quuppa-trackable with minor software modifications.

The Quuppa standard Tag is a great solution, fit for most purposes. It is lightweight, shockproof, waterproof and easy to attach with straps, lanyards or other fastening methods. However, the design or functionalities of the standard Tag are not necessarily optimal for all use-cases.

Should you prefer to design a customized Tag, we’ll provide you with the reference design files including schematics, layouts, and BOM.

Whatever you want to track, we’re happy to support you.

Quuppa allows total freedom in Tag design. You can choose between multiple ready-made tags by Quuppa or its partners, integrate the QT1 Tag Module into your device, or design your own tag using our firmware libraries and schematics. Basically, any Bluetooth® Low Energy device can be made Quuppa-trackable with minor software modifications. The Quuppa standard Tag is a great solution, fit for most purposes. It is lightweight, shockproof, waterproof and easy to attach with straps, lanyards or other fastening methods. However, the design or functionalities of the standard Tag are not necessarily optimal for all use-cases. Should you prefer to design a customized Tag, we’ll provide you with the reference design files including schematics, layouts, and BOM. Whatever you want to track, we’re happy to support you.

5 - IOT GATEWAY - 94

In addition to location tracking, the Quuppa system can be used as a gateway to IoT, receiving and exposing data from Bluetooth® sensors.

As more and more Bluetooth® radio equipped devices are connected to the Internet of Things, sending out information about themselves and their surroundings, they can all be made visible to the Quuppa system. And if the “Thing” has any sensors on board – which they practically always do – the sensor data can be received by Quuppa system and exposed through its open and configurable API.

In addition to location tracking, the Quuppa system can be used as a gateway to IoT, receiving and exposing data from Bluetooth® sensors. As more and more Bluetooth® radio equipped devices are connected to the Internet of Things, sending out information about themselves and their surroundings, they can all be made visible to the Quuppa system. And if the “Thing” has any sensors on board – which they practically always do – the sensor data can be received by Quuppa system and exposed through its open and configurable API.

6 - OPEN API - 95

The Quuppa system is easy to integrate into existing systems with pull or push API’s, that offer standard JSON/REST or CSV formats. The API is fully open and configurable, and even comes with an editor, so if you wish, you are totally free to write your own API.

Quuppa API can expose whatever data your sensors are recording: heart-rate, gyro, compass, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, humidity, …

The Quuppa system is easy to integrate into existing systems with pull or push API’s, that offer standard JSON/REST or CSV formats. The API is fully open and configurable, and even comes with an editor, so if you wish, you are totally free to write your own API.

Quuppa API can expose whatever data your sensors are recording: heart-rate, gyro, compass, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, humidity, …

7 - LONG BATTERY LIFE - 96

Thanks to the Bluetooth® Low Energy technology, Quuppa Tags consume very little energy.

A standard Quuppa QT1-1 Tag can transmit one packet per second 24/7 for three years. That makes roughly 94.6 million transmissions.

Using the onboard sensors and/or geofencing, and activating the Tag only when needed, battery lifetime can be extended up to several years. In many cases, the battery manufacturers specification for the maximum lifetime becomes the limiting factor.

Thanks to the Bluetooth® Low Energy technology, Quuppa Tags consume very little energy. A standard Quuppa QT1-1 Tag can transmit one packet per second 24/7 for three years. That makes roughly 94.6 million transmissions. Using the onboard sensors and/or geofencing, and activating the Tag only when needed, battery lifetime can be extended up to several years. In many cases, the battery manufacturers specification for the maximum lifetime becomes the limiting factor.

8 - MAINTENANCE FREE - 98

Once installed, the Quuppa system normally requires no physical maintenance. The system is constantly monitoring itself and will send an alert, in case it needs attention.

The Locators have inbuilt accelerometers, so if they are touched the system will know. If a Locator is offline, the system will know. In the case of a power failure, the system will perform an automated recovery.

Once installed, the Quuppa system normally requires no physical maintenance. The system is constantly monitoring itself and will send an alert, in case it needs attention. The Locators have inbuilt accelerometers, so if they are touched the system will know. If a Locator is offline, the system will know. In the case of a power failure, the system will perform an automated recovery.

9 - INTERFERENCE FREE - 99

The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, which enables compatibility with standard mobile devices. However, the 2.4 GHz band range is very crowded, so operating on these radio channels is not a trivial task. Quuppa Intelligent Locating System™ uses advanced proprietary algorithms that make it a very robust and reliable solution, even in the most demanding environments.

The system is continuously being used in challenging environments, such as fully packed tradeshows and stadiums and has been confirmed interference-free of other systems.

When tracking high-speed objects, like for example hockey players and the puck, the Quuppa system can be configured to a proprietary operation mode, where it can provide higher update rates, and is also immune to any interference from other Bluetooth® devices or any other wireless systems such as WiFi or wireless microphones.

The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, which enables compatibility with standard mobile devices. However, the 2.4 GHz band range is very crowded, so operating on these radio channels is not a trivial task. Quuppa Intelligent Locating System™ uses advanced proprietary algorithms that make it a very robust and reliable solution, even in the most demanding environments. The system is continuously being used in challenging environments, such as fully packed tradeshows and stadiums and has been confirmed interference-free of other systems. When tracking high-speed objects, like for example hockey players and the puck, the Quuppa system can be configured to a proprietary operation mode, where it can provide higher update rates, and is also immune to any interference from other Bluetooth® devices or any other wireless systems such as WiFi or wireless microphones.

1 - Superior accuracy 72

Typical positioning accuracy for a Quuppa system is around 0.5 m (2 ft) – or “sub-meter”.

Accuracy demands can vary from one area to another, and with Quuppa, you can control it simply by altering the number of Locators. For example, for inventory management, it’s often enough to know that the assets are present, or are in an approximate area, which requires only a few Locators – and very low investment. If a more accurate position is needed, let’s say at the loading dock, just add a few Locators to that area.

2 - REAL TIME - 91

Real-time is a flexible concept. For a standard Quuppa system, it means location update rate of up to 50 Hz, and latency down to 100 ms. That, coupled with our superior accuracy, enables for example many Security and Safety related applications, such as Collision Avoidance between people and vehicles in industrial environments, or covering the complex movements of a hockey game in real-time.

Standard Bluetooth® channels’ transmission rate is limited to 10 Hz, as per Bluetooth® regulation. But the Quuppa system can also be configured to use proprietary channels, on which the standard Quuppa Tags can be set to transmit at up to 50 Hz.

Sometimes, for example, when tracking a hockey puck, even that is not enough. Then it’s good to know that the Quuppa system itself doesn’t have any limitations, and the tag can be configured to transmit for example 200 Hz or even higher and the latency can be 20 ms or less.

Location update rate and latency of the Quuppa system are also dependent on the software license type.

3 - COMPATIBLE - 92

As the Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, it can track any Bluetooth® Low Energy device that is transmitting a Quuppa specified radio packet. For example Android and iOS devices can be made trackable by just adding a few lines of code to the Application in use.

Furthermore, Quuppa Tag ID can even be read by a Bluetooth® device without the help of Locators. For example, a doctor could read a patient’s ID Tag with a smartphone to request critical information from a cloud service.

4 - OPEN TAG DESIGN - 93

Quuppa allows total freedom in Tag design. You can choose between multiple ready-made tags by Quuppa or its partners, integrate the QT1 Tag Module into your device, or design your own tag using our firmware libraries and schematics. Basically, any Bluetooth® Low Energy device can be made Quuppa-trackable with minor software modifications.

The Quuppa standard Tag is a great solution, fit for most purposes. It is lightweight, shockproof, waterproof and easy to attach with straps, lanyards or other fastening methods. However, the design or functionalities of the standard Tag are not necessarily optimal for all use-cases.

Should you prefer to design a customized Tag, we’ll provide you with the reference design files including schematics, layouts, and BOM.

Whatever you want to track, we’re happy to support you.

5 - IOT GATEWAY - 94

In addition to location tracking, the Quuppa system can be used as a gateway to IoT, receiving and exposing data from Bluetooth® sensors.

As more and more Bluetooth® radio equipped devices are connected to the Internet of Things, sending out information about themselves and their surroundings, they can all be made visible to the Quuppa system. And if the “Thing” has any sensors on board – which they practically always do – the sensor data can be received by Quuppa system and exposed through its open and configurable API.

6 - OPEN API - 95

The Quuppa system is easy to integrate into existing systems with pull or push API’s, that offer standard JSON/REST or CSV formats. The API is fully open and configurable, and even comes with an editor, so if you wish, you are totally free to write your own API.

Quuppa API can expose whatever data your sensors are recording: heart-rate, gyro, compass, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, humidity, …

7 - LONG BATTERY LIFE - 96

Thanks to the Bluetooth® Low Energy technology, Quuppa Tags consume very little energy.

A standard Quuppa QT1-1 Tag can transmit one packet per second 24/7 for three years. That makes roughly 94.6 million transmissions.

Using the onboard sensors and/or geofencing, and activating the Tag only when needed, battery lifetime can be extended up to several years. In many cases, the battery manufacturers specification for the maximum lifetime becomes the limiting factor.

8 - MAINTENANCE FREE - 98

Once installed, the Quuppa system normally requires no physical maintenance. The system is constantly monitoring itself and will send an alert, in case it needs attention.

The Locators have inbuilt accelerometers, so if they are touched the system will know. If a Locator is offline, the system will know. In the case of a power failure, the system will perform an automated recovery.

9 - INTERFERENCE FREE - 99

The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology, which enables compatibility with standard mobile devices. However, the 2.4 GHz band range is very crowded, so operating on these radio channels is not a trivial task. Quuppa Intelligent Locating System™ uses advanced proprietary algorithms that make it a very robust and reliable solution, even in the most demanding environments.

The system is continuously being used in challenging environments, such as fully packed tradeshows and stadiums and has been confirmed interference-free of other systems.

When tracking high-speed objects, like for example hockey players and the puck, the Quuppa system can be configured to a proprietary operation mode, where it can provide higher update rates, and is also immune to any interference from other Bluetooth® devices or any other wireless systems such as WiFi or wireless microphones.

Interested?

IQPS Smartbuildings

Daltonstraat 12
3335 LR Zwijndrecht

+31 (0)88-5001200

info@iqps-smartbuildings.nl

 

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Tijdsregistratie

Plaats de basis van de tijdstempel in het kader van de tijdregistratie, de veiligheid of de installatie.

Zoek een locatie of faciliteit

Bekijk de dichtstbijzijnde beschikbare faciliteiten of speciale locaties (aandachtspunten).

Samenwerking

Vind uw collega, groep of persoon met een specifieke vaardigheid (bijvoorbeeld BHV). In een open en dynamische werkomgeving is het belangrijk om eenvoudig collega's, groepen of experts te vinden. Plan uw locatie en afhankelijk van uw dagelijkse planning.

Real-time locatie gebaseerde meldingen

Locatiegegevens stellen gebouwbeheerders en bedrijfsleiders ook in staat om real-time, locatie gebaseerde meldingen en waarschuwingen aan gebruikers van gebouwen te verstrekken: bijvoorbeeld het waarschuwen van mensen voor noodsituaties, het aanbieden van updates over vergaderingen of evenementen, het doen van gerichte personeelsmededelingen en het promoten van voedselaanbiedingen in cafetaria's en restaurants. Meldingsdiensten kunnen ook de andere kant op gaan - van medewerker tot gebouwbeheerder - zodat gebruikers servicetickets kunnen uitgeven of incidenten kunnen melden, allemaal met een tijd- en locatiestempel. En al deze diensten zullen altijd worden geleverd aan gebruikers op basis van hun eigen persoonlijke voorkeuren - met andere woorden, een opt-in model - om er zeker van te zijn dat de dienst volledig op maat is gemaakt en rekening houdend met persoonlijke keuzes en privacy.

Activa volgen en controleren

Real-time lokalisatietechnologie maakt het beduidend eenvoudiger om activa en apparatuur te lokaliseren en op te sporen, hetzij om de efficiëntie van het gebruik te verbeteren, hetzij om diefstal en verlies te voorkomen. Op basis van aanpasbare geo-fences kunnen individuele uitrustingsstukken worden beperkt tot bepaalde gebieden en worden ingesteld om waarschuwingen te geven aan het beveiligingssysteem of de service als een artikel een bepaald gebied verlaat. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn medische hulpmiddelen en mobiele apparatuur in ziekenhuizen, gereedschappen en machines op een fabrieksvloer en pallets en voertuigen in een magazijn. Sommige van de huidige technologieën voor lokalisatie binnenshuis stellen gebruikers in staat om deze activa te lokaliseren en op te sporen.

Delen van de huidige locatie

De binnenhuispositionering maakt locatiedeling en locatie van mensen mogelijk, of het nu gaat om medewerkers in een kantoor, bezoekers van een gebouw of patiënten in een ziekenhuisomgeving. Deze functie geeft ook waardevolle informatie aan gebouwbeheerders op locatie, zoals de beschikbaarheid van personeel voor bepaalde taken en het tonen van bewegingspatronen van mensen in het gebouw die nuttig zijn in noodsituaties.

Beschikbaarheid van ruimten en middelen

Het gebruiken van ruimten en middelen is één van de meest gebruikte redenen om indoor positioneringssystemen toe te passen in gebouwen, het stelt de gebouwbeheerder in staat te sturen op alle situaties en behoeften welke zich voordoen. Naast de mogelijkheid om beschikbare bureaus of spreekkamers te identificeren, kunnen smartphone apps mensen op het juiste moment naar de juiste plaats brengen en kan deze techniek geïntegreerd worden in systemen om ruimten te boeken.

Mobiele toegangscontrole

Voor beveiligingsmedewerkers en faciliteitenmanagers zijn levensvatbare fysieke beveiligingsoplossingen, waaronder toegangscontrole voor een steeds mobieler wordend personeel, van cruciaal belang. De technologie moet medewerkers helpen om in hun dagelijkse werkzaamheden te voldoen aan de beveiligingsstandaarden. Technologieën voor plaatsing binnenshuis ondersteunen de levering van wrijvingsloze, flexibele en gepersonaliseerde toegangscontroleconcepten voor werknemers en bezoekers via tags en/of gebruiksvriendelijke apps op mobiele apparaten.

Navigatie in gebouwen

Het bieden van navigatie en een manier om gebruikers in gebouwen te vinden is vaak tijdrovend en onderbreekt de activiteiten van het personeel. De navigatiefuncties van indoor positioneringsoplossingen helpen bezoekers van de campus en medewerkers die niet bekend zijn met de locatie om hun weg te vinden naar de plek waar ze moeten zijn, zonder andere gebruikers van het gebouw te onderbreken en verhogen tegelijkertijd de efficiëntie en tevredenheid van de bezoeker. Dit is met name waardevol in grote en complexe gebouwen zoals vergaderfaciliteiten, hotels, grote kantoren, ziekenhuizen en zelfs luchthavens.

Lichtregeling

Door gebruik te maken van uw exacte positionering zal het systeem zich automatisch aanpassen aan de hand van uw voor gedefinieerde stemmingsvoorinstellingen. De lichtsturing werkt in combinatie met kunstlicht en daglichtvoorzieningen en kan zelf bij een 100% adoptie van positiebepaling de traditionele aanwezigheid sensor doen laten vervallen.

Toegangscontrole

Het gebruik van ruimte en middelen is een van de belangrijkste kenmerken van indoor positioneringsoplossingen die gebouwbeheerders in staat stellen om middelen op te roepen of te sturen voor alle behoeften die zich voordoen. Naast de mogelijkheid om beschikbare kantoren of vergaderruimtes in een commercieel gebouw te identificeren, kunnen smartphone-apps mensen op het juiste moment naar de juiste plaats en op het juiste moment naar de juiste plaats leiden en kunnen ze worden geïntegreerd in de systemen voor het boeken van ruimtes.

Klimaatbeheersing

Door afhankelijk van uw positie in een gebouw het klimaat en de lichtintensiteit automatisch af te stemmen op uw vooraf ingestelde persoonlijke voorkeuren krijgt u het gevoel dat u als het ware in een comfort luchtbel zit. De installaties passen zich automatisch aan. Wanneer er meer collega’s zich in dezelfde klimaatzone bevinden, zal het systeem de verschillende voorkeuren middelen. Tevens is het mogelijk om in bijvoorbeeld kantoortuinen een stemfuncties te gebruiken waarbij de verstelling plaats vindt op basis van stemgedrag. Al deze instelling worden meegenomen in machine learning algoritmen om het systeem nog slimmer te maken en voorspellend kan gaan werken op basis van personen of aantallen mensen.

Access control

Viable physical security solutions, including access control for an increasingly mobile workforce, are critical for security officers and facility managers. Technology must help employees comply with security standards in their day-to-day operations. Indoor positioning technologies support the provision of frictionless, flexible, and personalized access control concepts for employees and visitors through tags and /or user-friendly apps on mobile devices.

Time registration

Position bases time stamping in for time registration, safety or facility purposes.

Collaboration

Find your favorite colleague or group. In a open and dynamic workspace it's important to find colleague’s, groups or experts easily. Plan your location and depending on your daily schedule.

Light control

Using your exact positioning the system will adjust automatically using your predefined mood presets. Lights control will work in combination with artificial light and daylight facilities.

Climate control

Using your positioning for a climate in a bubble the system will adjust automatically using you predefined mood presets. When more colleagues are in the same climate zone the system will use the average. In addition its possible to use the vote functionality (warm or cool my workplace) with machine learning algoritmen.

Find location or facility

View nearest available facilities resources or special locations (points of interest).

Real-time, location-based notifications

Location data also empowers building managers and business leaders to provide real-time, location-based notifications and alerts to building users: for example, alerting people of emergency situations, offering updates on meetings or events, making targeted staff announcements and promoting food offers in cafeterias and restaurants. Notification services can also go the other way – from employee to building manager – allowing users to issue service tickets or report incidents, all with a time and location stamp. And all of these services will always be provided to users based on their own personal preferences – in other words, an opt-in model – to ensure the service is fully customized as well as mindful of personal choices and privacy.

Asset tracking and monitoring

Real-time localization technology makes it significantly easier to locate and track assets and equipment, either to enhance efficiency of use or to avoid theft and loss. Based on customizable geo-fences, individual pieces of equipment can be limited to certain areas and set to issue alerts to the security system or service if an item leaves a particular area. Examples include medical devices and mobile equipment in hospitals, tools and machinery on a factory floor and pallets and vehicles in a warehouse. Some of today’s indoor localization technologies enable users to locate and track these assets.

Mobile access control

Viable physical security solutions, including access control for an increasingly mobile workforce, are critical for security officers and facility managers. Technology must help employees comply with security standards in their day-to-day operations. Indoor positioning technologies support the provision of frictionless, flexible, and personalized access control concepts for employees and visitors through tags and /or user-friendly apps on mobile devices.

Space and resource availability

Space and resource utilization is one of the key features of indoor positioning solutions that enables building managers to summon or direct resources for any needs that arise. As well as being able to identify available offices or meeting rooms in a commercial building, smartphone apps can direct individuals to the right place at the right time and can be integrated into room booking systems.

Sharing of current location

Indoor positioning enables location sharing and location of people, whether they’re employees in an office, visitors to a building, or patients in a hospital environment. This function also provides valuable information to building managers on location, such as availability of staff for particular tasks and showing movement patterns of people in the building that will be helpful during emergency situations.

Indoor navigation

Providing navigation and a way to find users in buildings is often time-consuming and interrupts staff operations. The navigational functions of indoor positioning solutions help campus visitors and employees unfamiliar with the site to find their way to where they need to be without interrupting other building users, while also increasing the efficiency and satisfaction of the visitor. This is especially valuable in large and complex buildings like conference facilities, hotels, large offices, hospitals and even airports.